Essay question Essays - Dentistry, Health, Dental Hygienist

Essay question Essays - Dentistry, Health, Dental Hygienist Essay question: "Describe an occupational health, occupational safety or campus environmental issue relevant to your university/ college or community (provide supporting information, facts and data). Examine and discuss what actions and/or programs are needed to solve this issue." Most have to go through life's struggles of discovering what type of person they are and then eventually who they want to be. For me, this process took minimal searching because I've always known myself to be conscientious of others, caring, well grounded, and passionate about whatever I have my intentions set on. After countless conversations with my dental hygienist, my interest in becoming a hygienist came as a result of who I am and who I wanted to be. While studying for my undergraduate degree in 2010, I had an amazing opportunity volunteering with the Piedmont Regional Missions of Mercy Project. This experience allowed me to help dental patients without healthcare. This allowed me to gain insight to understand the importance of providing patient care and promote good health. As I got older and was able to explore the different fields in dentistry, I knew dental hygiene would be my primary choice. It is the field of dentistry that best compliments the attributes of me as a perso n which gives me an opportunity to help people better themselves with the passion and knowledge I possess. With that and the implementation of my skill set, I would have the opportunity to make it a career. After having the pleasure of working under the exceptional Dr. Garland Davis, it is without a doubt that dental hygiene has become a passion of mine. While being employed for him, I was able to observe, understand, and assist with the tasks that the hygienists and Dr. Davis performed. This allowed me to gain insight to understand the importance of providing patient care and promote good health. Learning, understanding, and completing task that involved the day-to-day operations of the profession provided hands on comprehension and application. This experience was very beneficial and crucial in aiding my learning process with the field. My congruent work experience from past programs has informed me tremendously in the multi faceted nature of health care business. My life goal won 't be accomplished until I can help as many individuals through my work as possible. This degree will not only aid in my achievement, but will give me the tools to have the best career.

Homelessness in America

Homelessness in America Free Online Research Papers Homelessness in America S.L. Smith Homelessness in America is a serious problem. I believe that our government does not take this problem as serious as it should. When I moved to Florida 15 years ago I noticed a few homeless people here and there. It is an every day occurrence for me now on my way to work. There should be more funding for these people to live like the rest of us. It irritates me to see all of the money that we supply the space program with and we have homeless and starving people here on Earth. I think that most people are appalled by the sight of homeless and ignore them. It seems to me that most people think that being homeless is the homeless persons fault. Recently, I noticed two men sitting on a curb holding sign saying that they would work for food. I stopped at a fast food restaurant and bought them something to eat. I don’t have any work to give them, but offered them some advice as to where the local social service office was. In my conversation with them I learned that the help that they could receive was limited as they lived in the woods and had no legal address. I was also informed that there was a very small list of homeless shelters and that they were at capacity. It seems so wrong that these people have to live this way. According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, there were 754,000 homeless people across America and for almost half of these people there were not enough beds to go around. Of these homeless people, nearly h alf were single adult men. Eitzen, D.S., Zinn, M.B., Smith, K. E. (2009). Social Problems (11th Edition). United States: Pearson Education. For the homeless, the consequences are many. Most of the homeless do not have jobs, although a study in 2007 performed by the U.S. Conference of Mayors found that 17.4% of homeless adults in families were employed while 13% of homeless single adults or unaccompanied youth were employed. National Coalition for the Homeless. (2007, August) Health Care and Homeless. Program and Policy Issues. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from nationalhomeless.org/publications/facts/health.html Without employment people go without food and medicine. Although there are some programs in place to help with these issues, it is hard for them to receive help without a valid address. Homeless children experience many health difficulties. Nine million children in the United States don’t have health insurance. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2007). Health Insurance Coverage. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from census.gov Children without insurance, compared with children who do, are more likely to go without proper medical attention when needed and are more likely to go without much needed prescriptions. I think that our government should come up with some type of bill that makes sure that every person in the United States has some type of health coverage. The easier it is for people to get medical attention the healthier we are as a society and the stronger some may be to work and pay rent. Along with that, I think it is necessary for our government to make sure that there is affordable housing all over for the poorest of people and some sort of financial assistance to help them get on their feet. In some states General Assistance is available for the poorest of single people, but it has been cut from several states because of cut backs our government has made despite the evidence that receiving General Assistance reduces homelessness. National Coalit ion for the Homeless. (2007, August) Health Care and Homeless. Program and Policy Issues. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from nationalhomeless.org/publications/facts/health.html I think it is wrong to cut this when so many people need it. Our government officials are the ones holding the bag of money, so to speak, so I think that they should find a solution to this ever growing problem. If I were to try to solve this problem, I would first cut some programs out of the budget or at least put them on hold for a few years so the problem of homelessness could be taken better care of. I would first try to figure out a way to make sure that there were enough shelters and half way houses for these people coming off the streets. I think that I would try to figure out a way to teach these people how to take care of themselves and be productive in society if they needed a little bit of guidance. The General Assistance grant would have to be available in every state. I think that this is so important for people that have no other means of supporting themselves, until they get back on their feet. Our government helps people coming from other countries coming here to live, and I think that it should help the ones that already live here. Since I started this research paper, I have talked to several people in my circle of friends about the topic. I think that it is interesting that we all feel very compassionate about getting these people help, but don’t know exactly what to do and how to go about it. Sure, a soup kitchen here and there is great. And donating money to charity to help the homeless is a start, but we all agree that there has to be more government involvement. As stated by my friend, Debbie, â€Å"We are so quick to tell other countries how to run their governments and how to treat their citizens. In the past, we have sent so much money to other countries to help them rebuild and take care of their homeless, displaced citizens. What we should be doing is cleaning up our own back yard and minding to our own citizens†. In my opinion, I could have not said it better. References Eitzen, D.S., Zinn, M.B., Smith, K.E. (2009). Social Problems (11th Edition). United States: Pearson Education National Coalition for the Homeless. (2007, August) Health Care and Homeless. Program and Policy Issues. Retrieved March 16,2009, from nationalhomeless.org/publications/facts/health.html U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2007). Health Insurance Coverage. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from census.gov Research Papers on Homelessness in AmericaTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Walt Disney and Organizational Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walt Disney and Organizational Value - Essay Example The study also talks about how the value of organization is enhanced by close collaboration and communication between different organizations. If two organizations willingly share information with each other it would become increasingly important for the success of the organization because the organization is exposed to more learning opportunities in this case. Hence, an organizational value is not only created by its resources, but also by new knowledge and information that it can learn over time. This will also lead to organizational development. (Winklen) Another important aspect of organizational value creation is the organization’s willingness and ability to meet the needs of its stakeholders and customers. No business can thrive without having satisfied customers because they bring money to the organization. No organization would be able to operate efficiently if its customers are unhappy or does not transact with the company. Many customers often ask for too many things . Businesses, as a result, are forced to do conjoin analysis in order to decide trade-offs. They would be willing to sacrifice certain less important features of a product or service and replace them with important elements to create value for their stakeholders and customers. Many companies which fail to develop customer-driven approaches fail in their ability to satisfy and retain their customers over long run. They are forced out of the business by their competitors who focus on constantly creating and disseminating value for their customers. In the recent fast and competitive environment, there is no luxury for any business to become complacent, because if a laid-back strategy is chosen, the cut-throat competition in the industry will force the company out of the business. (Toomb and Bailey) A study done by Krista Jaakson highlights the organizational value dimensions as showed in the Figure 1 below. The model highlights three dimensional levels. The first level is about surviva l values, the second level is about ethical value dimension and the third stage is about well-being dimension. Any organization starts from the survival value in order to succeed in the first changing business environment. In the first stage, organization has to set its system rights. They need to develop proper financial report systems, set conservatives values, and control volatility in the economic environment. After all of this is achieved, the organization moves to the second level of value dimension. Here the organization is concerned about ethical values. In this level, there is greater advocacy for creating interpersonal value, ethical values and general humane behavior. The third level of value is achieved through developing proper vision values, emotional values and self actualization values. Achievement of this results in proper value creation for the organization’s stakeholders. The sum of all these value dimensions is greater than the amount of input used in valu e creation. It is where the synergy is created and the value created by the organization is greater than its costs and efforts involved in creating the value. (Jaakson) Figure 1: Organizational Value Dimensions Source: (Jaakson) Walt Disney is a large company. The majority shareholder of the company at one time was Steve Jobs with over 10% equity investment in the company. It is America’s large media conglomerate. The company’s financial statements are decorated with amazing financial figures. In 2011 alone, the company earned

Mini Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini Paper - Essay Example This feeling not only compels us to give back, but also makes us want to be least indebted to others. This principle applies in interpersonal relationships where people feel obliged to each other. One good instance is that between a seller and buyer. Before putting this principle into application, you need to ask yourself two basic questions. First, do your customers feel like you are giving them something of good quality? Secondly, how do you let your customers know the most beneficial way of thanking you for whatever things you provide? These two questions can help you develop strong marketing ideas. When applying this principle, you need to take extra caution- this principle can easily be used to mislead or deceive people. Such instances include when selling product at prices that are unfair, or when intending to exert undue influence on people. Honesty must also be maintained, trying to persuade people into doing things that are wrong is manipulative as well as unethical. Always be the first person to give; do this without the perception of getting something in return. Offers include discounts, bonus points or something that is specially offered to the customer alone, and not the public. Your gift should come first ahead of the buyers’. To make this principle more effective, you can give another offer when the sale has been made to earn mutual friendship with the customer. Try to offer your customers ways of showing their support. This can be achieved by informing them on the various means of contributing to your business growth. Examples include, â€Å"kindly tell your friends about us...etc. Certain companies have gone as far as opening blogs and web forums where happy customers rate and post their experiences with your business. Be the final giver: in the first instance, you gave an incentive and the customer gave you business. You therefore need to give the

The Servant Leadership Essay Example for Free

The Servant Leadership Essay What does servant leadership mean to you, and how can you practice servant leadership in your college community?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In my own humble view, servant leadership may be defined as a person who lives in the service of others even as he strives to lead them towards the fulfillment of certain objectives and goals. A servant leader is usually embodied in a person who epitomizes the 10 principles of servant leadership as listed by Larry Spears of Greenleaf Center. These 10 principles are listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and lastly, building community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that since I am a gay man living in a homophobic world, I will be able to use and develop the aforementioned skills that I know I possess, in my quest to help the homosexual community. I can help them learn how to gain social and personal acceptance in the world just as I did. We live in a world that claims to be accepting and tolerating of the third sex. With all the various cause oriented groups and gay rights advocate movement that abound, this would certainly seem to ring true. But the truth of the matter is that the world is still homophobic of people that they deem to be different from what is traditionally dictated to be normal. This is why I want to be a servant leader in my college community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will make it my personal crusade to insure that the gay and heterosexual communities in my future college will learn how to co-exist in peace through my example. As a servant leader, I will make it my personal duty to listen to the heterosexuals and explain to them about where my fellow gay people are coming from. I will empathize with both parties and make sure that they will listen and understand the reality of a homosexual life and why we are just like any other normal people. These things have to be accomplished in order to heal the wounds caused by decades of sexual ignorance and bigotry. A servant leader must always be self aware and generally aware of his surroundings. It is also my duty to insure that my fellow students and servant leaders are aware of important matters that will be of importance to our organization and community and insure that these are dealt with speedily and accordingly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I plan to serve my college community by using my foresight and skills in conceptualizing and creating relevant activities that will foster camaraderie amongst all the students and faculty on campus. I will insure that everyone participating in the activity will be very keen on helping develop the personal, professional, and spiritual growth of each participant. Such activities can be in the form of fundraisers, sports and music festivals, as well as other activities as suggested by the organization members.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reality if the situation is that servant leaders, most specially those who begin in their local community college or corporations hold the future of human lives in their hands. As a servant leader, I have the ability to shape the world and affect the lives of the people around me in a highly positive manner.   In a way, a servant leader is in charge of building a community that can co-exist regardless of differing beliefs and perceptions. What is important is that I will be given a chance to lay the groundwork for a strong community composed of cooperative heterosexuals and homosexuals that will serve as the model organization for the others in my college community.

Analysis of Fable by Nina Cassian :: Cassian Fable Essays

Analysis of Fable by Nina Cassian Whereas the extent of my poetic appreciation lies in a decided distaste for Dante and a zest for limericks concerning Nantucket - it behooves me to discuss a poem that my limited capacities can grasp. Fable by Nina Cassian is just such a poem. I view this piece as Ms. Cassian's perspective on life (a "sentence" or an obligation), death, and sadly, the fact that most people do not appreciate the beautific nature of existence. I understand the first stanza as a depiction of man's earthly plane as a sort of testing ground for "angels" - a place where beings are concerned with the development of spirit, "to master imbalance." The second and third stanzas I interpret as the transformation of the ethereal spirit to a corporeal state. The "angel plummeted" and thus left spiritual beauty in a quest for purity. The angel,s descent is clearly painful: "...feathers carbonized, his sole wing impotent, dangling." Though the cost of corporeal existence is dear, I believe Ms. Cassian sees this as an obligation which must be met, a "sentence." The final sentence is the saddest. The nature of this newly formed being is mundanely categorized. The "people" fail to see its purpose and its intrinsic beauty; by extension, they have lost their own missions, their own true value. They have forgotten God. The second poem was written by an astonishingly brillant N.Y.U. student hoping to receive an "A" in an introductory literature course taught by a fascinating (and underpaid) professsor. 12/2/97 is the date that this author spent approximately six minutes dead. He had minored in theology and had developed a healthy scepticism concerning all religions. The author had laughed at so called "near-death experiences -" believing them either fantasy or resultant of a chemical secretion of the frontal lobe in times of catastrophic distress. This erstwhile pillager of the business world, this glorified "strett hustler" discovered upon his demise that as the "people" of Fable he had lost his way, his appreciation, his God.

Importance of Swot Analysis Essay

Why is the process of conducting an internal and external analysis on a regular basis important for any size company? The process of an internal and external analysis on a regular basis is important for any size company because it allows the company to know where it stands at the moment and determines the development and forecasts of those factors that will influence the organizational success. This is also known as environmental scanning where the external and the internal environments are scanned for information like ongoing trends patterns, occasions and changes going around and the effect it has to both these environments. External analysis: These analyses are performed outside the firm and depend on the following factors: a, MACRO: technological, demographic/economic, political/legal and social/cultural, national and global environment b. MICRO: competitors, suppliers, customers, publics, channels etc. Internal Analysis: This analysis is performed within the firm that includes the employees, management and the shareholders, resources, organisational structure etc. SWOT Analysis  The most common way of analyzing this external and internal environment is by performing the SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym used that describes Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that are strategic elements for a firm. A SWOT analysis should not only result in the identification of a corporation’s core competencies, but also in the identification of opportunities that the firm is not currently able to take advantage of due to a lack of appropriate resources. (Wheelen, Hunger pg 107) The External analysis comprises of the Opportunities and Threats that the company needs to identify or focus on for its profitability and development of defensive actions. * Opportunities: This analyzes the area where the firm can identify its opportunities so as to have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Once identified, the firm has to work on them to make it one of its strengths. Its main aim is to find an area where they need to develop to be profitable. * Threats: These are the threats that the firm faces from outside the firm and can be from any of the external sources. The firm has to be prepared to tackle these threats by developing strategic decisions when required so that it does not affect their profitability or sales. The Internal analysis focuses on the internal environment of the organisation and analyzes the Strengths and Weaknesses of the company. * Strengths: These are the core competencies of the firm that provides them the advantage of achieving their goals. These should be aligned in meeting the customer requirements because at the end of the day, it is the customer whom they serve. Therefore, it should be customer focussed and market oriented. * Weaknesses: These refer to the firm’s limitations in fulfilling their strategic decisions or failure to implement them. It has to be analyzed from the customer’s point of view so as to get a clear idea. These steps need to analyze the firm’s resources and the capabilities to meet their goals and identify events and trends that might impact the strategic plans and decisions of the company.

Bletchley Park Essay

Bletchley Park, code named ‘Station X’, was and still is a mansion 50 miles North-West of London. It was bought by MI5 as an evacuation site and code breaking centre for the German ‘Enigma’. Bletchley Park was bought by Admiral Sinclair, the Chief of MI6. There other posts, ‘Station Y’s’, which intercepted the messages from the Germans and in turn, when sorted, sent the messages to ‘Station X’. These listening posts were set up to steal German messages off the radio waves. ‘Station X’ relied on the availability of these intercepted messages to break. Most of the staff in the ‘Y Stations’ were women. Basically, the ‘Y Stations’ were to pick up the messages and ‘Station X’ was to use the messages to decode and break the keys. As the war progressed it became easier for the operators to find the right frequencies at the right times, when the German transmissions were being sent. The messages were recorded in Morse code. All the administrative staff worked on interception whilst the academics worked on the actual code breaking, like the mathematicians, cryptic crossword solvers and chess players. Most of the workers in general were young. Most of the admin staff was girls and women, most of them linguists, and the code breakers were mathematicians, as Enigma was breakable by maths and equations some were also just ordinary chess players. However, by the end of 1941 Daily Telegraph cryptic crossword solvers were also taken in, as well as some of the old code breakers around, from the G. C. & C. S. At first the Navy were too proud to be interested in the transmissions, but later realised just how important Bletchley Park was. Gordon Welchman was a young mathematician, from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; and it was he who was responsible for the reorganisation of Bletchley Parks’ work into a fully functional code breaking site. He also introduced a five-point plan that would increase the efficiency of the work being produced. This was: close co-ordination of radio interception, the analysis of the intercepted messages, breaking the Enigma and Non-Enigma keys, decoding the messages from the broken keys and then extracting useful information from the decoded messages. It was then that Denniston began recruiting the high quality staff that was needed. In early 1939 the construction started of wooden huts centred on the mansion. The first huts built were numbered 1,2,3,4 & 5. The Naval Section moved into Hut 4 alongside the mansion on the South side. When Hut 5 was completed the Army section moved there and the dining room became a mess room, where the military had previously used as their base at ‘Station X’. However, Knox, Jeffrey’s and Turing moved into the Cottage in the Stable Yard so that they could work better with less distractions. Not many of the first arrivals knew what they were doing and had very little experience, but learnt quickly. The new young operators also knew nothing about their foreseeable work. After the first arrivals, Denniston’s mathematicians arrived, but they did not get on well with the older more experienced code breakers. This was because the older code breakers felt â€Å"out-of-date† as the new lot were young and had a different method to code breaking. It became blatant that the biggest break-through was from the mathematicians from the first years of the war. They were getting closer and closer to breaking the Enigma. Messages were sent to other huts via a broomstick and a wooden tunnel that was constructed to increase secrecy between a few of the more important huts (later on the messages were blasted along the tunnels with compressed air), like Hut 6 and Hut 3. Although, Hut 6 paid little attention to the messages they received from Hut 3 as they just did their job and the other huts would do theirs. Most of the messages that arrived at Hut 3 seldom made sense. When the messages were complete they were sent down to MI6 HQ in London by van. Hut 4 was used to break other non-Enigma codes from other foreign countries which was only classed as semi-important messages/codes. If some of the messages from Hut 6 were important enough then they would be classed as ‘Ultra’ or ‘Top-Secret’. There was also a slim chance that any foreign spy could get into ‘Station X’. the military officials would be on site to determine the importance of the messages that came out of the ‘Huts’. Bombes were also developed, these were electrical devices that made it easier to take advantage of the clues given from the coded messages. Eventually these were developed into ‘Jumbos’ a larger and faster version, that were introduced into Hut 1, but in the early part of 1941 they were dispersed and move into the ‘Outstations and Hut 11†² Later on into the war many people started taking a great deal of interest in the work done at Bletchley Park. This was because of a major incident when a crucial war ship was lost to the Germans at sea, but the Germans managed to salvage it and recover all its information it carried. However, due to the Germans’ arrogance and ignorance they did not except that Enigma had been broken, and ignored the fact that many of their messages had been decoded. After this incident, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, visited ‘Station X’ and after many consistent letters funded the project, as the Huts sometimes ran out of the simple needs of pencils and paper. At this point the ‘Yanks’ came over to help the Allied, only after they were bombed by the Japanese. Along with the Americans came new technology, many more soldiers that were properly trained and machines that were in better condition and were all better quality. This gave the Allies the advantage at this point in the war as they now had extra supplies and reinforcements. The first computer was built as well making the work a lot faster for everyone, this was code-named Colossus, it was room size. In conclusion to this, ‘Station X’ provided lots of important information for the military to use to their advantage on the battlefield. This also enabled many lives of the Allies to be saved. Without these code breakers and broken keys the war may have turn in favour of the Germans, so deeply the work that was done at ‘Station X’ was truly important. Although Bletchley Park was originally bought as an evacuation site for MI5 it became the most important code breaking site before, during and after the war.

Risk Management in the Shipping Industry Essay Example

Risk Management in the Shipping Industry Essay Example Risk Management in the Shipping Industry Essay Risk Management in the Shipping Industry Essay Risk Management in the Shipping Industry Shipping is a business that is extremely in tune with prevailing market sentiment. Its success depends on a prospering economy, due to the increased global trade. It is also partially sheltered from temporary downturns because businesses will switch from more expensive air freight, and save costs by using shipping as their means of transporting their goods instead. The industry is also an extremely competitive one, as there are only two main considerations why businesses will prefer one shipping company over another the price and speed at which their goods are delivered to their destination. This has made it difficult for companies to differentiate themselves and demand a higher premium for their services. As a highly volatile business, shippers are subjected to three main types of risk: freight price risk, fuel price risk and interest rate risk. 1) Freight price risk Freight rates have historically been very volatile, and this has made it difficult to accurately predict the cash inflows of the company. This is due to the impact of unforeseen geo-political influences and the slow speed of adjusting supply to demand. Freight price risk is thus the risk of loss arising from unexpected changes in freight rates. As a result, shippers commonly buy and sell futures contracts called freight forward agreements based on the Baltic Dry Index of bulk rates to hedge against the risk that a rise or fall in the spot rate might cut into the profit they expect from the voyage. 2) Fuel price risk Fuel prices take up a large amount of variable costs and companies try to hedge against any upward spikes. Although, it is possible to pass on these fuel surcharges to the customers, there is a limit to any increases in order for the firm to continue offering competitive pricing. Call options are often used as the solution and bought at a certain fuel strike price, to hedge against a rise in the future. If the actual price rises above the strike price, the company will choose to exercise the option to buy the fuel at the lower strike price, thereby putting a limit to their cash outflows. 3) Interest rate risk Shipping is a capital intensive industry with significant funding needs for fleet expansion and replacement purposes. Yet, it has very little opportunities to diversify its sources of funding, because most of it comes from bank debt. Some loans are at fixed interest rates, while others are at floating rates. The company thus strives to maintain the optimum mix of fixed and floating interest rates on its net debt that best reflects expectations and risks by engaging in interest rate swaps. In conclusion, the issues of variability and uncertainty in the future will always continue to plague businesses. While risk management can do very little to influence variability (markets will continue to fluctuate no matter how advanced risk management techniques become), much can be done to hedge against the uncertainty.

Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812 The Battle of New Orleans was fought December 23, 1814-January 8, 1815, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders Americans Major General Andrew JacksonCommodore Daniel Pattersonapprox. 4,700-4,800 men British Major General Edward PakenhamVice Admiral Sir Alexander CochraneMajor General John Lambertapprox. 8,000-9,000 men Battle of New Orleans - Background In 1814, with the Napoleonic Wars concluding in Europe, Britain was free to focus its attention on fighting the Americans in North America. The British plan for the year called for three major offensives with one coming from Canada, another striking at Washington, and the third hitting New Orleans. While the thrust from Canada was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh by Commodore Thomas MacDonough and Brigadier General Alexander Macomb, the offensive in the Chesapeake region saw some success before being halted at Fort McHenry. A veteran of the latter campaign, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane moved south that fall for the attack on New Orleans. Having embarked 8,000-9,000 men, under the command of Major General Edward Pakenham, a veteran of the Duke of Wellingtons Spanish campaigns, Cochranes fleet of around 60 ships arrived off Lake Borgne on December 12. In New Orleans, the defense of the city was tasked to Major General Andrew Jackson, commanding the Seventh Military District, and Commodore Daniel Patterson who oversaw the US Navys forces in the region. Working frantically, Jackson assembled around 4,700 men which included the 7th US Infantry, 58 US Marines, a variety of militia, Jean Lafittes Baratarian pirates, as well as free black and Native American troops (Map). Battle of New Orleans - Fighting on Lake Borgne Desiring to approach New Orleans through Lake Borgne and the adjacent bayous, Cochrane directed Commander  Nicholas Lockyer to assemble a force of 42 armed longboats to sweep American gunboats from the lake.   Commanded by Lieutenant Thomas ap Catesby Jones, American forces on Lake Borgne numbered five gunboats and two small sloops of war.   Departing on December 12, Lockyers 1,200-man force located Jones squadron 36 hours later.   Closing with the enemy, his men were able to board the American vessels and overwhelm their crews.   Though a victory for British, the engagement delayed their advance and gave Jackson additional time to prepare his defenses.   Battle of New Orleans - The British Approach With the lake open, Major General John Keane landed on Pea Island and established a British garrison. Pushing forward, Keane and 1,800 men reached the east bank of the Mississippi River approximately nine miles south of the city on December 23 and encamped on the Lacoste Plantation. Had Keane continued his advance up the river, he would have found the road to New Orleans undefended.   Alerted to the British presence by  Colonel Thomas Hinds dragoons, Jackson reportedly proclaimed  By the Eternal, they shall not sleep on our soil and commenced preparations for an immediate strike against the enemy camp. Early that evening, Jackson arrived north of Keanes position with 2,131men.   Launching a three-pronged attack on the camp, a sharp fight ensued that saw American forces inflict 277 (46 killed) casualties while sustaining 213 (24 killed). Falling back after the battle, Jackson established a line along the Rodriguez Canal four miles south of the city at Chalmette. Though a tactical victory for Keane, the American attack put the British commander off balance, causing him to delay any advance on the city. Using this time, Jacksons men began fortifying the canal, dubbing it Line Jackson. Two days later, Pakenham arrived on the scene and was angered by the armys position opposite an increasingly strong fortification. Though Pakenham initially wished to move the army through the Chef Menteur Pass to Lake Pontchartrain, he was convinced by his staff to move against Line Jackson as they believed the small American force could be easily defeated. Repelling British probing attacks on December 28, Jacksons men began eight constructing batteries along the line and on the west bank of the Mississippi. These were supported by the sloop of war USS Louisiana (16 guns) in the river.   As Pakenhams main force arrived on January 1, an artillery duel began between the opposing forces. Though several American guns were disabled, Pakenham elected to delay his main attack. Battle of New Orleans - Pakenhams Plan For his main assault, Pakenham wished an attack on both sides of the river. A force under Colonel William Thornton was to cross to the west bank, assault the American batteries, and turn their guns on Jacksons line. As this occurred, the main body of the army would attack Line Jackson with Major General Samuel Gibbs advancing on the right, with Keane to his left. A smaller force under Colonel Robert Rennie would move forward along the river. This plan quickly ran into problems as difficulties arose getting the boats to move Thorntons men from Lake Borne to the river. While a canal had been constructed, it began to collapse and the dam intended to divert water into the new channel failed. As a result, the boats had to be dragged through the mud leading to a 12-hour delay. As a result, Thornton was late in crossing on the night of January 7/8 and the current forced him to land further downstream than intended. Despite knowing that Thornton would not be in place to attack in concert with the army, Pakenham elected to move forward. Additional delays soon occurred when Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Mullens 44th Irish Regiment, which was meant to lead Gibbs attack and bridge the canal with ladders and fascines, could not be found in the morning fog. With dawn approaching, Pakenham ordered the attack to begin. While Gibbs and Rennie advanced, Keane was further delayed. Battle of New Orleans - Standing Firm As his men moved onto the Chalmette plain, Pakenham hoped that the dense fog would provide some protection. This was soon dashed as the fog melted away under the morning sun. Seeing the British columns before their line, Jacksons men opened an intense artillery and rifle fire upon the enemy. Along the river, Rennies men succeeded in taking a redoubt in front of the American lines. Storming inside, they were halted by fire from the main line and Rennie was shot dead. On the British right, Gibbs column, under heavy fire, was approaching the ditch in front of the American lines but lacked the fascines to cross (Map). With his command falling apart, Gibbs was soon joined by Pakenham who led the wayward 44th Irish forward. Despite their arrival, the advance remained stalled and Pakenham was soon wounded in the arm. Seeing Gibbs men faltering, Keane foolishly ordered the 93rd Highlanders to angle across the field to their aid. Absorbing fire from the Americans, the Highlanders soon lost their commander, Colonel Robert Dale. With his army collapsing, Pakenham ordered Major General John Lambert to lead the reserves forward. Moving to rally the Highlanders, he was struck in the thigh, and then mortally wounded in the spine. The loss of Pakenham was soon followed by the death of Gibbs and the wounding of Keane. In a matter of minutes, the entirety of British senior command on the field was down. Leaderless, British troops remained on the killing field. Pushing forward with the reserves, Lambert was met by the remnants of the attack columns as they fled towards the rear. Seeing the situation as hopeless, Lambert pulled back. The only success of the day came across the river where Thorntons command overwhelmed the American position. This too was surrendered though after Lambert learned that it would take 2,000 men to hold the west bank. Battle of New Orleans - Aftermath The victory at New Orleans on January 8 cost Jackson around 13 killed, 58 wounded, and 30 captured for a total of 101. The British reported their losses as 291 killed, 1,262 wounded, and 484 captured/missing for a total of 2,037. A stunningly one-sided victory, the Battle of New Orleans was the signature American land victory of the war. In the wake of the defeat, Lambert and Cochrane withdrew after bombarding Fort St. Philip. Sailing to Mobile Bay, they captured Fort Bowyer in February and made preparations for attacking Mobile. Before the attack could go forward, the British commanders learned that a peace treaty had been signed at Ghent, Belgium. In fact, the treaty had been signed on December 24, 1814, prior to the majority of the fighting in New Orleans. Though the United States Senate had yet to ratify the treaty, its terms stipulated that fighting should cease. While the victory at New Orleans did not influence the content of the treaty, it did aid in forcing the British to abide by its terms. In addition, the battle made Jackson a national hero and aided in propelling him to the presidency. Selected Sources US Army Center for Military History: Battle of New OrleansAndrew Jackson: Leading the Battle of New OrleansJean Lafitte National Historical Park

Accounting Assumptions, Principles and Constrains Essay

Accounting Assumptions, Principles and Constrains - Essay Example n that assumes that the economic entity has a significant past and future for purposes of recording costs of assets and inventory and decision making based on those costs in the present. Additionally, there are the Monetary Unit assumptions that keeps score with money, but it typically ignores inflation and deflation of currencies; the value and unit of currency are understood to be firm; otherwise, there is transaction with global divisions that uses other currencies besides the U.S. Dollar. Finally there is an accounting Periods assumption that assumes that the periodical accounting periods is applicable and accountants can stop to analyze financial statements. Historical Costs (assets and liabilities) characteristically report on the chronological cost and then adjusted to fair market value when the needs of reporting require it. However, the cost of assets went up some years thereby did not reflect what it is worth to other buyers or the cost of replacement. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2005).   Revenue Recognition is the recording of revenues when they are realized and earned. (Pratt, J. 2011). This is one of challenge that accrual-based accounting is trying to solve. Notably, receiving cash from a sales order doesn’t mean that everything has to earn the revenue especially when they are shipped. In other words, it is sometimes possible to sell goods or services without receiving cash. Therefore, Matching Expenses to Revenues means matching fixed cost of the revenues or recording profit in the income statement based on the best profit on revenues and expenses. This often leads to Full Disclosure where accountants record and report every bit of information in the numbers and footnotes of financial statements that fairly represent the activities of the business entity in that accounting period. This procedure is perfect; however, for decision-making it is expected to leave out or add things that are relevant to the decision being made. In most cases, Cost and Benefit is

Criminal Justice and the Crime Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice and the Crime Problem - Essay Example For instance, there may be higher numbers of tourist during the summer season and chances are that crime will escalate at that time. Additionally, rural records may experience higher cases of crime given the fact that planting seasons attract high numbers of workers. It is also very likely to find higher reports of crime during the summer season rather than any other season. One explanation for this is the fact that townships normally have higher alcoholic drinkers in the summer than in the winter. These and many other factors explain the variance in crime patterns recorded over time. (Field, 1990) Economic factors are quite crucial in the process of analyzing crime patterns. This is because persons who feel the pinch of an economic downturn are the marginalized individuals. They are the ones who react sharply to these changes by committing crimes. For example, research has shown that when the economy recedes, consumption patterns are also adversely affected. When the economy is doing well, people's consumption tendencies increase. (Hirsh & Goldthorpe, 1978) Consequently, potential criminals also increase consumption patterns because they have the ability to meet their needs. On the other hand, when consumption tendencies reduce, then higher there will be higher cases of crime; this is especially in relation to property crimes. The reason for this is that the economically marginalized need to meet their expenses but economic pressures may deter them from doing this. Consequently, they end up choosing illegal methods of acquiring property. (Field, 1999) Additionally, one must not ignore the link between crime and the availability of goods. Some research in this area shows that there is a link between crime and stock available. The two factors re directly affected in that when stores record high amounts of stock, then crime prevalence also increase. Home Office (1999) came up with a direct relationship between these two issues. They asserted the ratio of burglaries/theft to increases in stock is 2:1. This means that whenever stock levels increase by on percent, crime prevalence increases by double this amount. Burglaries and theft can also be associated with gender. Surveys conducted by the Home Office (1999) indicate that crime prevalence tends to increase when the number of males increases. This is especially so when these youth belong to the masculine gender. Their statistics show that when males older than fifteen and younger than twenty increase by one percent, then crime prevalence in the region increases by a similar percentage. However, some criminologists have argued that the converse is also true. When there is a rose in the number of older people within any one region, then chances are that there will be greater levels of crime again. This is because an older generation is quite venerable to attack and they provide fertile grounds for crime victimization. Social factors that effect crime It is important to note that the most important features here include; Technology Lifestyles Popular culture Society's drug patterns are constantly changing. In the past psychologists used the drug popularly called ecstasy during marriage counselling. However, society has changed all these. Young people now take the drug as a form of recreation. One can make the same assumption about the drug Viagra. This means that many young people no